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		<doi>10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.07.009</doi>
		<issn>0967-0645</issn>
		<label>lattes: 0537824080913130 2 MuelbertSouzLewiHind:2013:FoHaSo</label>
		<citationkey>MuelbertSouzLewiHind:2013:FoHaSo</citationkey>
		<title>Foraging habitats of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, from the Northern Antarctic Peninisula</title>
		<project>CNPq (520196/2006-6)</project>
		<year>2013</year>
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		<author>Muelbert, Mônica M. C.,</author>
		<author>Souza, Ronald Buss de,</author>
		<author>Lewis, Mirtha N.,</author>
		<author>Hindell, Mark A.,</author>
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		<group>PAN-CCR-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR</group>
		<affiliation>Instituto de Oceanografia, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Centro Nacional Patagónico — CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Marine Predator Unit, Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia</affiliation>
		<electronicmailaddress>monica.muelbert@furg.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>ronald@dsr.inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<e-mailaddress>ronald@dsr.inpe.br</e-mailaddress>
		<journal>Deep-Sea Research. Part 2. Topical Studies in Oceanography</journal>
		<volume>88-89</volume>
		<pages>47-60</pages>
		<secondarymark>A2 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2</secondarymark>
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		<keywords>southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, areas of restricted search, northern and western Antarctic Peninsula.</keywords>
		<abstract>Elephant Island (EI) is uniquely placed to provide southern elephant seals (SES) breeding there with potential access to foraging grounds in the Weddell Sea, the frontal zones of the South Atlantic Ocean, the Patagonian shelf and the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Quantifying where seals from EI forage therefore provides insights into the types of important habitats available, and which are of particular importance to elephant seals. Twenty nine SES (5 sub-adult males  SAM and 24 adult females  AF) were equipped with SMRU CTD-SLDRs during the post-breeding (PB 2008, 2009) and post-moulting (PM 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010) trips to sea. There were striking intra-annual and inter-sex differences in foraging areas, with most of the PB females remaining within 150 km of EI. One PB AF travelled down the WAP as did 16 out of the 20 PM females and foraged near the winter ice-edge. Most PM sub-adult males remained close to EI, in areas similar to those used by adult females several months earlier, although one SAM spent the early part of the winter foraging on the Patagonian Shelf. The waters of the Northern Antarctic  Peninsula (NAP) contain abundant resources to support the majority of the Islands SES for the summer and early winter, such that the animals from this population have shorter migrations than those from most other populations. Sub-adult males and PB females are certainly taking advantage of these resources. However, PM females did not remain there over the winter months, instead they used the same waters at the ice-edge in the southern WAP that females from both King George Island and South Georgia used. Females made more benthic dives than sub-adult malesagain this contrasts with other sites where SAMs do more benthic diving. Unlike most other populations studied to date EI is a relatively southerly breeding colony located on the Antarctic continental shelf. EI seals are using shelf habitats more than other SES populations but some individuals still employ open water foraging strategies. Sea-ice was also very influential for PM females with more foraging occurring in heavier pack-ice. Larger females used areas with heavier ice-concentration than smaller females. The study demonstrates the importance of shelf and slope habitat to elephant seals, but also highlighted the influence of sea-ice and fine-scale bathymetry and local ocean condition in determining foraging habitat.</abstract>
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		<language>en</language>
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